The Boko Haram (BH) insurgency has remained a hard nut to crack in Nigeria for about ten years. Various strategies and approaches have been adopted in the fight against BH. In-spite of the fact that according to the Federal Government BH has been 'technically defeated', there have been recent fatal attacks on both military personnel and indeed the civilian population. The height of BH attack on the military was in Metele in November 2018, where some sections of the media claimed over 100 soldiers were killed but the army said only 36 died. Whatever the figure, this is one death too many. See for example, my Blog Post - Metele: Nigeria's counter-terrorism strategy re-visited https://dayokusa.blogspot.com/2018/11/nigerias-counter-terrorism-strategy.html
On the 17th of December, 2018, Nextier (in collaboration with Yar'Adua Centre), held another in the Security Policy Dialogue series titled Breaking the stalemate: Strategies & approaches in the fight against BH insurgency in North-East Nigeria. Tijani Tumsah, Vice President of Presidential Committee on North-East Initiatives (PCNI) gave the keynote address where he spoke about what the Federal Government had done in these areas: use of force, sustained pressure and change of tactics. On the part of BH, they have engaged in the following: guerrilla tactics, ambush, surprise attacks on both the military and civilian targets. The concentration of these attacks is in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe. Meanwhile, at least 2 million Nigerians have been displaced and thousands have become refugees beyond our shores. Civilians are increasingly insecure.
According to Tumsah, infrastructure has been put in place for intelligence gathering and cooperation. Meanwhile, there is a blueprint for rebuilding lives and re-constructing the north-east, otherwise known as the Buhari Plan. There is approximately $9b of damage in the six north-east states. PCNI is to coordinate all the intervention effort in the north-east. There are a number of 'bundles', including the 'Borno package' for the rehabilitation of the north-east. Peace-building is going on pari pasu via interfaith dialogue; development of agriculture; disarmament, demobilisation, rehabilitation & construction (DDRR) and mediation/conciliation tactics.
The moderator of the event, Patrick Okigbo, reminded us that the objectives of the dialogue were:
*Feasible and pragmatic solution for engendering peace in the north-east.
*Collaboration between policy makers, academics and practitioners.
*Improvement of the capacity of participants to address processes that could lead to peace in the north-east.
Dr. Ibrahim Umara, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri, said BH is not politically engrained. He interrogated Nigeria's approaches to the north-east crisis. There is daily 'Koranic competition' where the competitors are lured with N500 per day! There is also the social problem of corruption which many believe is the root cause of the youth bulge and indeed unemployment. The state government's ambivalence on the use of crash helmets is a source of conflict. There could even be state-sponsored terrorism according to Umara. There is also open criticism of the state government in centres called markets. With the evolution of the Civilian JTF, BH has been routed out of the town. The Emir of Gwaza was assassinated - another source of conflict. Weapons provided for the soldiers are not backed up by ammunition! There could be international complicity in the BH issue. Umara said the attack in Metele was from the air. The harvest of many farmers has been set ablaze by BH. The armed forces seem to be slow in intercepting intelligence.
Brigadier-General Saleh Bala (Rtd), President, White Ink Institute and Lt. Col. Ademola Lawal (Rtd), Head of Research & Strategy, SCDDD outlined Nigeria's approaches to winning the peace in the north-east. Christianity and Islam could be described as types of insurgency. The Nigerian military talks too much about its operations and tactics. It is enough to talk about strategy in general terms. Strategic communication ensures that BH is tackled on the both the kinetic and soft platforms. A clear distinction was made between insurgency and terrorism. The military fights terrorism, not insurgency. Insurgency is the war of hearts and minds, where civil liberty and social cohesion are disrupted. Terrorists engage in shooting spree.
Some of the measures suggested to be taken to fight insurgency/terrorism are:
*Recharge the Lake Chad region, while 'rolling up' the aquatic and agrarian life of the seven countries.
*Military strategy should be pursued in tandem with economic strategy (like a marshal plan).
*Special forces should be deployed for intelligence gathering.
*Civilian JTF is a time bomb. They need to be gainfully occupied when not fighting BH.
*Para-military personnel (e.g. forestry guards, etc) should be deployed to ungoverned spaces for communiy-based security.
*There should be different levels of security, culminating in the military.
*The National Security Architecture (NSA) should be re-structured in line with current realities.
*This is a ideological/asymmetric war which cannot be easily wished away.
*The strategic objective of the military can be achieved through security sector reform (SSR).
*There should be 'inclusive security'.
*There is an intellectual lacuna in the conceptualisation of strategies for combating BH which needs to be filled.
*There should be a single strategy which encompasses all the mini strategies.
*Think tanks are vital for constant review of the insurgency/terrorism situation.
*There should be bio-metric capture for all IDPs in the north-east.
*In the Recovery & Statutory programmes, funds should be tied to particular projects in the states to curb corruption.
In Prof. Haruna Dakwa's (Director, Centre for Peace, Diplomacy & Development Studies, University of Maiduguri) submission, he 'navigated the tide of desolate communities in north-east Nigeria' and came to the conclusion that some communities are more resilient than others. According to Dakwa, the consequences of BH are: disintegration of communities, there are social/political and economic consequences of such disintegration, many Chiefs have been technically de-robed and some Chiefs have been indicted in the BH crisis.
In my intervention, I asked why there was no female on the panel in a vital discourse about strategies for combating BH. Is there no competent woman from the north-east to talk about DDRR, etc through a gender lens? This omission is even more disturbing in view of the fact that women bear the brunt of any war! It is women that become heads of households by proxy in situations where their husbands and sons are killed by BH. Their vulnerable children could also be killed! I also mentioned the fact that there is no need to re-invent the wheel. I was a facilitator at the Lake Chad Basin Governors' Forum (LCBGF) conference earlier this year in Maiduguri. Some of the recommendations and indeed the work of LCBGF should be monitored for possible inclusion in the next steps for the Nextier Security Dialogue Series. My third suggestion was that Nextier could be the veritable forum for galvanising the desired collaboration between Academics, Practitioners and Policy Makers.
It is undeniable that there was robust discussion at this very important meeting on the state of insecurity in the north-east ahead of the 2019 elections. See for example From BH to Biafra: How insecurity will affect Nigeria's elections https://africanarguments.org/2018/12/18/boko-biafra-nigeria-insecurity-2019-election/
Related Links
*Women in terror: Ending Gender Based Violence (GBV) in Borno state, north-east Nigeria https://kujenga-amani.ssrc.org/2018/12/13/women-in-terror-ending-gender-based-violence-in-borno-state-northeast-nigeria/
*Gender lens essential to addressing linked climate change & security https://t.co/j8XcLV5DN?amp=1
*Nigeria: Exit of the Security Chiefs & time for a new approach by Jibrin Ibrahim premiumtimesng.com
*Practical tools for addressing the risk of weapon diversion stimson.org
*External desk evaluation of the DCA Humanitarian Land Mine Action & Cluster Mutation Activities, 2016-2020 tanacopenhagen.com
*VE & Community Policing in Tanzania usip.org
*Nigeria; Unhappy soldiers nextierspd.com
*Nigeria's audacious bandits mailchi.mp/f6c6bd85c492/t
*Nigeria: Between criminals & self-defense groups nextierspd.com
*Agonies of communities at the war front: Brutalised, exploited & traumatised https://lnkd.in/d8K8vPj
*Making Community Policing work nextierspd.com/making-community-policing-work
*Breaking terrorism supply chains in West Africa https://issafrica.org/iss-today/breaking-terrorism-supply-chain-in-west-africa/
*Making Community Policing work nextierspd.com/making-community-policing-work
*Breaking terrorism supply chains in West Africa https://issafrica.org/iss-today/breaking-terrorism-supply-chain-in-west-africa/
*BH attacks Borno Governor's convoy premiumtimesng.com/news/boko-haram-attacks-borno-governors-convoy/
*Nigerian Army confirms killing of notorious criminal, 'Gana' (Terwase Akwaza) who surrendered https://www.you.tube.com/watch?v
*The workings of extremism africasacountry.com
*Characteristics & logic of civilian possession of SALWs in Mali copese.org/book/characteristics-logic-of-civilian-possession-of-salas-in-mali/
*Insecurity: Man delivering ransom to kidnappers shot dead premiumtimes.com
*Insecurity: 1,165 killed, 113 abducted in North-West Nigeria in 8 months https://t.co/5oYcxgeltA?amp=1 premiumtimesng.com
*Is insecurity undermining the CoV response? Evidence from Nigeria https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/08/insecurity-undermining-cov-response-evidence-from-nigeria/
*After many counter-terrorism operations, Africa is no closer to containing VE ow.ly/Xboe50Cb2h1
*6 Nigerians convicted in the UAE for funding BH dailytrust.com/6-nigerians-convicted-in-uae-for-funding-bh/
*Emir links insecurity to homosexuality in Northern Nigeria guardian.ng
*Shekau, Abu Mus'ab & 29 others make Nigerian Army's list of wanted terrorists https://t.co/wHAR9zvIWv?amp=1
*Understanding the role of Power, Identity, Communication & Trust in preventing and CVE in Somalia https;//gga.org/understanding-role-of-power-identity-communication--trust-in-cve/
*Military approach alone cannot end insurgency Gov. Zulum thenationonlineng.net
*Routledge Handbook of Terrorism & Counter-terrorism https://www.rotledge.com/routledge-handbook-of-terrorism-and-counter-terrorism/silke/p/book/9780367580520
*Routledge Handbook of Deradicalisation & Disengagement https://www.routledge.com/routledge-handbook-of-deradicalisation-and-disengagement/hansen-lid/p/book/9781138229969
*Mass terror trials test Nigeria's criminal justice system issafrica.org/iss-today/mass-terror-trials-test-nigerias-criminal-justice-system/
*Pros & cons of resettlement of IDPs in Nigeria nextierspd.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-resettlement-idps-in-nigeria/
*Routledge Handbook of Terrorism & Counter-terrorism https://www.rotledge.com/routledge-handbook-of-terrorism-and-counter-terrorism/silke/p/book/9780367580520
*Routledge Handbook of Deradicalisation & Disengagement https://www.routledge.com/routledge-handbook-of-deradicalisation-and-disengagement/hansen-lid/p/book/9781138229969
*Mass terror trials test Nigeria's criminal justice system issafrica.org/iss-today/mass-terror-trials-test-nigerias-criminal-justice-system/
*Pros & cons of resettlement of IDPs in Nigeria nextierspd.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-resettlement-idps-in-nigeria/
*Addressing Jihadist ambushes https://nextierspd.com/addressing-jihadist-ambushes/
*Solving displacement dilemma nextierspd.com/solving-displacement-dilemma
*Adaptive Peace Operations: Navigating the complexity of influencing societal change without causing harm https://lnkd.in/dxJFUPz
*Provisions on Security Sector Reform (SSR) & Disarmament, Demobilisation & Rehabilitation (DDR) in Peace Agreements https://www.dcaf.ch/provisions.ssr-ddr-peace-agreements/
*Preparing for the global counter-terrorism forum for the next decade https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/08/preparing-for-global-counter-terrorism-forum-for-next-decade/
*Mali's 2020 coup: How did we get here? https://bit.ly/2YICBOE
*Porous borders, porous security: Re-thinking ECOWAS free movement protocol nextierspd.com/porous-borders-porous-security-rethinking-ecowas-free-movement-protocol/
*Nigeria: Accepting ex-BH fighters nextierspd.com/accepting-ex-boko-haram-fighters/
*Besieged but not relenting: Ensuring fair trials for Nigeria's terrorism suspects https://issafrica.org/research/west-africa-report/besieged-but-not-relenting-ensuring-fair-trials-for-nigerias-terrorism-suspects/
*Leveraging on local responses:Nigeria's near-quagmire with security challenges may not lead to state failure nextierspd.com/leveraging-on-local-responses/
*Defending the US Military presence in Africa for reasons beyond terrorism https://www.csis.org/analysis/defending-us-military-presence-africa-reasons-beyond-terrorism https://.csis.org/analysis/defending-us-military-presence-africa-reasons-beyond-terrorism/
*Why the US Military presence in Africa is vital beyond counter-terrorism https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/05/why-us-military-presence-africa-vital-beyond-counter-terrorism/
*Revamping the Nigeria Police nextierspd.com/revamping-the-nigeria-police/
*Nigeria: Communal clashes and avoidable losses nextierspd.com/communal-clashes-avoidable-losses/
*Nigeria's three axes of mass murder nextierspd.com/nigerias-three-axes-of-mass-murdeer/
*Nigeria's defense investment thenigerian.wixsite.com/blog/post/nigeria-defense-investment/
*Overcoming BH by Kate Meagher & Abdu Raufu Mustapha https://t.co/d1UF39Hz3L...
*North-west Nigeria: The unofficial thetre of violence nextierspd.com/archives/fbclid.../
*Who shall overcome? Islamic extremism in northern Nigeria - Kate Maegher https://opinion.premiunmtimesng.com/2020/01/31/who-shall-overcome-islamic-extremism-northern-nigeria/
*Nigeria: Katsina community protests repeated attacks by bandits, block highway premiumtimesng.com/regional/northwest/393194-katsina-community-protests-attacks-by-bandits-block-highway/
*Children & War https://international-review.icrc.org/reviews/irrc-no911-children-and-war/
*Violence in Nigeria's north-west: Rolling back the mayhem crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria-288-violence-nigerias-north-west-rolling-back-mayhem/
*Understanding the dangerous journey from BH to rehabilitation https://issafrica.org/iss-today/understanding-the-gangerous-journey-from-boko-haram-to-rehabilitation/
*More than 20,000 Nigerians have fled to Niger Republic to escape murders, kidnappings & the pillaging of north-west villages - UN https://bbc.in/3bscWHC
*Has counter-terrorism become a profitable business in Nigeria? https://issafrica.org/iss-today/has-counter-terrorism-become-profitable-business-in-nigeria
*How elite Nigerian soldiers massacred un-armed religious marchers https://www.youtube.com/attribution_link...
*Why BH should be placed on watchlist - CNN https://ireporteronline.com.ng/
*Female BH members need tailor-made rehabilitation: Abduction, Rape, Marriage, Detention are women's main paths in BH http://ow.ly/S75dOy5xwg
*Lake Chad Basin Governors' Forum #LCBGF https://dayokusa.blogspot.com/2018/05/lake-chad-basin-governors-forum-lcbgf.html
*Support for communities, families & young people to better protect children at risk of being (re-) recruited by armed groups and criminal gangs https://ow.ly/bWHc50ykddo #ChildrenNotSoldiers #RedHandDay
*Sahel storm: The developing conflict trend is a Sahelian call to action/
*MNJTF counts successes in the Lake Chad region https://leadership.ng/2018/04/30/mnjtf-counts-successes-in-lakechad-region
*Withdarwal of troops by Niger threatens MNJTF www.aitonline.tv/post-withrawal_of_troops_by_niger_threatens_multinational-joint
*Re-thinking the functionality of the MNJTF https://www.codesria.org/.../5-ad_42_3_2017_albert_rethinking_the_fuctionality
*Metele attack: NAF bombs terrorist location https://www.vaguardngr.com/2018/11/metele-attack-air-force-bombs--terrorists-location/
*Response to terrorism must include psychosocial support http://ow.ly/spBM5OxTFUJ
*Metele attack: Surviving soldiers send SOS to Buhari https://www.vanguardngr.com/.../metele-attack-surviving-soldiers-send-sos-to-buhari
*Ezekwesili calls for re-assessment of Nigeria's anti-terrorism strategy https://www.channels.tv.com
*Legal framework for the prevention opf terrorism in Nigeria https://www.researchgate.net/.../277021838_legal_framework_for_the_prevention...
*Strengthening capacity to counter terrorism in Nigeria https://www.unodc.org/nigeria/.../strengthening-capacity-to-counter-terrorism-in-nigeria
*The ECOWAS counter-terrorism strategy https://www.liste.org/journals/index.php/IAGS/article/viewfile/15489/15897
*Counter-terrorism & the implications of in-fighting within BH https://prnigeria.com/2018/10/08/counter-terrorism-infighting-boko-haram
*Nigerian Military set to release 155 ex-BH fighters into society https://wp.me/p2LdGt-1fmw
*Nigeria Army threatens legal action over videos of BH attacks dailypost.ng/2018/11/25/nigeria-army-threatens-legal-action-videos-boko-haram-attacks
*The women rescued from BH who are returning to their captors https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-women-rescued-from-boko-haram-who-are-returning-to-their-captors...
*A Whole-of-Society Approach to preventing & countering violent extremism & radicalisation that lead to terrorism: A Guidebook from Central Asia https://www.osce.org/secretariat/444340
*UK vows to help Nigeria fight against BH https://allafrica.com/view/group/.../id/00067627.html
*Re-positioning the AU's role in CVE https://lnkdin/eZ5beUC #counterterrorism #AU
*Conflict transformation, human rights & the rule of law in West Africa https://issafrica.org/research/west-africa-report/counter-terrorism-human-rights-and-the-rule-of-law-in-west-africa
*Analysis: Islamic state returnees - India's counter-radicalisation vs de-radicalisation approach mantraya.org/analysis-islamic-state-returnees-indias-counter-radicalisation-vs-deradicalisation-approach/
*Surviving BH: Why children under 5 matter https://issafrica.org/research/policy-brief/surviving-boko-haram-why-children-under-five-matter
*BH: The amnesty dilemma https://nextierspd.com/download/boko-haram-amnesty-dilemma/
*Terrorism & organised crime: Risks & shared responses http://ow.ly/RiiZ30pgY5t UNSCR 2482 urges member states to respond to what appears to be an 'ill-defined threat.'
*BH: A decade of terror explained https://lnkd.in/gC7pSbi
*6 abducted aid workers appear in BH video, beg to be freed https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342825-six-abducted-aid-workers-appear-in-boko-haram-video-beg-to-be-freed.html https://lnkd.in/gvHPERq
*BH now lures people with charity - Caregiver narrates https://lnkd.in/gUG_F2s
*Security risk analysis: Kidnapping hotbeds in Nigeria donokereke.blogspot.com/2019/04/security-risk-analysis-kodnapping.html
*Nigeria: Report blames BH insurgency, NE conflicts on poor governance nttps://lnkd.in/gyHBTBj
*West Africa must confront its foreign terrorist fighters https://issafrica.org/iss-today/west-africa-must-confront-its-foreign-terrorist-fighters
*How to map violence without Police data issafrica.org/research/southern-africa-report/how-to-map-violence-without-police-data
*Preventing violent extremism (VE): The Morocco example https://dgap.org/en/think-tank/publications/.../socio-economic-development-and-violent-extremism
*Insecurity: Police order helicopter surveillance across Nigeria https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/3459508-insecurity-police-order-helicopter-surveillance-across-nigeria.html
*African states can't rely on external funders to foot the bill for preventing violent extremism (VE) http://ow.ly/9YVa50wwhBl
*The fight against Jihadists is shifting to Africa https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/fight-against-jihadists-shifting-africa
*As terrorists settle into the Sahel, West Africa prepares for battle https://worldview-stratfor.com/article/terrorists-settle-sahel-west-africa-prepares-battle
*Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) isn't a job for civil society alone https://issafrica.org/iss-today/preventing-violent-extremism-isnt-a-job-for-civil-society-alone
*Conflict sensitivity in approaches to PVE: Good intentions are not enough www.pvetoolkit.org/media/1216/conflict-sensitivity-in-approaches-to-pve.pdf
*Stalemate: BH's new strategy means fewer attacks sbmintel.com/2019/10/stalemate-boko-harams-new-strategy-means-fewer-attacks/
*Is BH copying the IS? https://www.mnnonline.org/news/is-boko-haram-copying-the-islamic-state/
*Insecurity and violence turn Nigeria into a 'pressure cooker' that must be addressed, says UN Human Rights expert https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1045472
*BH: A decade of terror explained https://www.bbc.com/mews/av/world-africa-49154953/boko-haram-a-decade-of-terror-explained
*BH now lures people with charity: Caregiver narrates experience www.osundefender.com/boko-haram-now-lures-people-with-charity-caregiver-narrates-experience/
*Security risk analysis: Kidnapping hotbeds in Nigeria donokeke.blogspot.com/2019/04/security-risk-analysis-kidnapping,html
*Nigeria: Report blames insurgency, north-east crisis on poor governance https://allafrica.com/stories/201810080007.html
*Can we ever actually prevent terrorism? - Dr. Anneli Botha https://muslimsinafrica.wordpress.com/2018/08/09/can-we-actually-prevent-terrorism/
*Nigeria's battle with BH https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/nigerias-battle-boko-haram
*How is Africa dealing with young extremists? issafrica.org/iss-today/how-is-africa-dealing-with-young-extremists/
*Cameroun: Vigilance Committees' dilemma in the fight against BH issafrica.org/iss-today/vigilance-committees-dilemma-in-the-fight-against-boko-haram/
*Beyond bombs & bullets nextierspd.com/beyond-bombs-and-bullets/
*Overlapping threats: Russian security cooperation & the Salafi-Jihadi threat in Africa https://t.co/daMUYm1GjV
*7 dimensions of the African security landscape https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/7-trends-shaping-the-african-security-landscape/
*Good NGOs, Bad NGOs: Nigeian government's partnership with NGOs in counter-terrorism operations democracyinafrica.org/good-ngos-bad-ngos-nigeria-government-partnership-ngos-counter-terrorism-operations/
*Re-positioning the AU's role in countering terrorism http://ow.ly/faL050xCYKz
*Drone strikes a growing threat to African civilians issafrica.org/iss-today/drone-strikes-a-growing-threat-to-african-civilians
*Is the African Standby Force any closer to being deployed? issafrica.org/iss-today/is-the-african-standby-force-any-closer-to-being-deployed/
*Amotekun: Constitutional implication of South-West regional security initiative https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/371853-amotekun-constitutional-implication-of-south-west-security-initiative/
*Trauma Counselling enables the integration of former terrorists https://issafrica.org/iss-today/trauma-counselling-enables-integration-former-terrorists/
*2020: Imperative or early action https://nextierspd.com/download/2020-imperative-for-early-action/
*Amotekun: The South-West's response to insecurity in Nigeria nextierspd.com/the-southwest-response.../
*BH: Looking beyond the bombs https://nextierspd.com/looking-beyond-the-bombs/
*Insecurity lingers despite N3tr Defense budget https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/insecurity-lingers-despite-n3tr-defense-budget.html
*Chadian President leads soldiers to capture BH 'arms store' in Sambisa https://www.thecable.ng/photos-chadian-president-leads-soldiers-capture-boko-haram.../
*Chadianforces re-capture Nigerian town, Dikwa https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/boko-haram-chadian-forces-recapture-dikwa/
*Some parts of Africa could be violent and unsafe for decades to come economist.com/special-report/2020/03/26/parts-of-africa-could-remain-violent-unstable.../
*Chad gives Nigeria deadline of April 2020 to occupy territories seized from BH orsu24news.com/chad-gives-nigeria-april-22-deadline-to-occupy-terrotories.../
*Insurgency & the Chad ultimatum https://thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/04/17/insurgency-and-the-chad-ultimatum/
*Nigeria: Accepting ex-BH fighters nextierspd.com/accepting-ex-boko-haram-fighters/
*Besieged but not relenting: Ensuring fair trials for Nigeria's terrorism suspects https://issafrica.org/research/west-africa-report/besieged-but-not-relenting-ensuring-fair-trials-for-nigerias-terrorism-suspects/
*Leveraging on local responses:Nigeria's near-quagmire with security challenges may not lead to state failure nextierspd.com/leveraging-on-local-responses/
*Defending the US Military presence in Africa for reasons beyond terrorism https://www.csis.org/analysis/defending-us-military-presence-africa-reasons-beyond-terrorism https://.csis.org/analysis/defending-us-military-presence-africa-reasons-beyond-terrorism/
*Why the US Military presence in Africa is vital beyond counter-terrorism https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/05/why-us-military-presence-africa-vital-beyond-counter-terrorism/
*Revamping the Nigeria Police nextierspd.com/revamping-the-nigeria-police/
*Nigeria: Communal clashes and avoidable losses nextierspd.com/communal-clashes-avoidable-losses/
*Nigeria's three axes of mass murder nextierspd.com/nigerias-three-axes-of-mass-murdeer/
*Nigeria's defense investment thenigerian.wixsite.com/blog/post/nigeria-defense-investment/
*Overcoming BH by Kate Meagher & Abdu Raufu Mustapha https://t.co/d1UF39Hz3L...
*North-west Nigeria: The unofficial thetre of violence nextierspd.com/archives/fbclid.../
*Who shall overcome? Islamic extremism in northern Nigeria - Kate Maegher https://opinion.premiunmtimesng.com/2020/01/31/who-shall-overcome-islamic-extremism-northern-nigeria/
*Nigeria: Katsina community protests repeated attacks by bandits, block highway premiumtimesng.com/regional/northwest/393194-katsina-community-protests-attacks-by-bandits-block-highway/
*Children & War https://international-review.icrc.org/reviews/irrc-no911-children-and-war/
*Violence in Nigeria's north-west: Rolling back the mayhem crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria-288-violence-nigerias-north-west-rolling-back-mayhem/
*Understanding the dangerous journey from BH to rehabilitation https://issafrica.org/iss-today/understanding-the-gangerous-journey-from-boko-haram-to-rehabilitation/
*More than 20,000 Nigerians have fled to Niger Republic to escape murders, kidnappings & the pillaging of north-west villages - UN https://bbc.in/3bscWHC
*Has counter-terrorism become a profitable business in Nigeria? https://issafrica.org/iss-today/has-counter-terrorism-become-profitable-business-in-nigeria
*How elite Nigerian soldiers massacred un-armed religious marchers https://www.youtube.com/attribution_link...
*Why BH should be placed on watchlist - CNN https://ireporteronline.com.ng/
*Female BH members need tailor-made rehabilitation: Abduction, Rape, Marriage, Detention are women's main paths in BH http://ow.ly/S75dOy5xwg
*Lake Chad Basin Governors' Forum #LCBGF https://dayokusa.blogspot.com/2018/05/lake-chad-basin-governors-forum-lcbgf.html
*Support for communities, families & young people to better protect children at risk of being (re-) recruited by armed groups and criminal gangs https://ow.ly/bWHc50ykddo #ChildrenNotSoldiers #RedHandDay
*Sahel storm: The developing conflict trend is a Sahelian call to action/
*MNJTF counts successes in the Lake Chad region https://leadership.ng/2018/04/30/mnjtf-counts-successes-in-lakechad-region
*Withdarwal of troops by Niger threatens MNJTF www.aitonline.tv/post-withrawal_of_troops_by_niger_threatens_multinational-joint
*Re-thinking the functionality of the MNJTF https://www.codesria.org/.../5-ad_42_3_2017_albert_rethinking_the_fuctionality
*Metele attack: NAF bombs terrorist location https://www.vaguardngr.com/2018/11/metele-attack-air-force-bombs--terrorists-location/
*Response to terrorism must include psychosocial support http://ow.ly/spBM5OxTFUJ
*Metele attack: Surviving soldiers send SOS to Buhari https://www.vanguardngr.com/.../metele-attack-surviving-soldiers-send-sos-to-buhari
*Ezekwesili calls for re-assessment of Nigeria's anti-terrorism strategy https://www.channels.tv.com
*Legal framework for the prevention opf terrorism in Nigeria https://www.researchgate.net/.../277021838_legal_framework_for_the_prevention...
*Strengthening capacity to counter terrorism in Nigeria https://www.unodc.org/nigeria/.../strengthening-capacity-to-counter-terrorism-in-nigeria
*The ECOWAS counter-terrorism strategy https://www.liste.org/journals/index.php/IAGS/article/viewfile/15489/15897
*Counter-terrorism & the implications of in-fighting within BH https://prnigeria.com/2018/10/08/counter-terrorism-infighting-boko-haram
*Nigerian Military set to release 155 ex-BH fighters into society https://wp.me/p2LdGt-1fmw
*Nigeria Army threatens legal action over videos of BH attacks dailypost.ng/2018/11/25/nigeria-army-threatens-legal-action-videos-boko-haram-attacks
*The women rescued from BH who are returning to their captors https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-women-rescued-from-boko-haram-who-are-returning-to-their-captors...
*A Whole-of-Society Approach to preventing & countering violent extremism & radicalisation that lead to terrorism: A Guidebook from Central Asia https://www.osce.org/secretariat/444340
*UK vows to help Nigeria fight against BH https://allafrica.com/view/group/.../id/00067627.html
*Re-positioning the AU's role in CVE https://lnkdin/eZ5beUC #counterterrorism #AU
*Conflict transformation, human rights & the rule of law in West Africa https://issafrica.org/research/west-africa-report/counter-terrorism-human-rights-and-the-rule-of-law-in-west-africa
*Analysis: Islamic state returnees - India's counter-radicalisation vs de-radicalisation approach mantraya.org/analysis-islamic-state-returnees-indias-counter-radicalisation-vs-deradicalisation-approach/
*Surviving BH: Why children under 5 matter https://issafrica.org/research/policy-brief/surviving-boko-haram-why-children-under-five-matter
*BH: The amnesty dilemma https://nextierspd.com/download/boko-haram-amnesty-dilemma/
*Terrorism & organised crime: Risks & shared responses http://ow.ly/RiiZ30pgY5t UNSCR 2482 urges member states to respond to what appears to be an 'ill-defined threat.'
*BH: A decade of terror explained https://lnkd.in/gC7pSbi
*6 abducted aid workers appear in BH video, beg to be freed https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342825-six-abducted-aid-workers-appear-in-boko-haram-video-beg-to-be-freed.html https://lnkd.in/gvHPERq
*BH now lures people with charity - Caregiver narrates https://lnkd.in/gUG_F2s
*Security risk analysis: Kidnapping hotbeds in Nigeria donokereke.blogspot.com/2019/04/security-risk-analysis-kodnapping.html
*Nigeria: Report blames BH insurgency, NE conflicts on poor governance nttps://lnkd.in/gyHBTBj
*West Africa must confront its foreign terrorist fighters https://issafrica.org/iss-today/west-africa-must-confront-its-foreign-terrorist-fighters
*How to map violence without Police data issafrica.org/research/southern-africa-report/how-to-map-violence-without-police-data
*Preventing violent extremism (VE): The Morocco example https://dgap.org/en/think-tank/publications/.../socio-economic-development-and-violent-extremism
*Insecurity: Police order helicopter surveillance across Nigeria https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/3459508-insecurity-police-order-helicopter-surveillance-across-nigeria.html
*African states can't rely on external funders to foot the bill for preventing violent extremism (VE) http://ow.ly/9YVa50wwhBl
*The fight against Jihadists is shifting to Africa https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/fight-against-jihadists-shifting-africa
*As terrorists settle into the Sahel, West Africa prepares for battle https://worldview-stratfor.com/article/terrorists-settle-sahel-west-africa-prepares-battle
*Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) isn't a job for civil society alone https://issafrica.org/iss-today/preventing-violent-extremism-isnt-a-job-for-civil-society-alone
*Conflict sensitivity in approaches to PVE: Good intentions are not enough www.pvetoolkit.org/media/1216/conflict-sensitivity-in-approaches-to-pve.pdf
*Stalemate: BH's new strategy means fewer attacks sbmintel.com/2019/10/stalemate-boko-harams-new-strategy-means-fewer-attacks/
*Is BH copying the IS? https://www.mnnonline.org/news/is-boko-haram-copying-the-islamic-state/
*Insecurity and violence turn Nigeria into a 'pressure cooker' that must be addressed, says UN Human Rights expert https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1045472
*BH: A decade of terror explained https://www.bbc.com/mews/av/world-africa-49154953/boko-haram-a-decade-of-terror-explained
*BH now lures people with charity: Caregiver narrates experience www.osundefender.com/boko-haram-now-lures-people-with-charity-caregiver-narrates-experience/
*Security risk analysis: Kidnapping hotbeds in Nigeria donokeke.blogspot.com/2019/04/security-risk-analysis-kidnapping,html
*Nigeria: Report blames insurgency, north-east crisis on poor governance https://allafrica.com/stories/201810080007.html
*Can we ever actually prevent terrorism? - Dr. Anneli Botha https://muslimsinafrica.wordpress.com/2018/08/09/can-we-actually-prevent-terrorism/
*Nigeria's battle with BH https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/nigerias-battle-boko-haram
*How is Africa dealing with young extremists? issafrica.org/iss-today/how-is-africa-dealing-with-young-extremists/
*Cameroun: Vigilance Committees' dilemma in the fight against BH issafrica.org/iss-today/vigilance-committees-dilemma-in-the-fight-against-boko-haram/
*Beyond bombs & bullets nextierspd.com/beyond-bombs-and-bullets/
*Overlapping threats: Russian security cooperation & the Salafi-Jihadi threat in Africa https://t.co/daMUYm1GjV
*7 dimensions of the African security landscape https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/7-trends-shaping-the-african-security-landscape/
*Good NGOs, Bad NGOs: Nigeian government's partnership with NGOs in counter-terrorism operations democracyinafrica.org/good-ngos-bad-ngos-nigeria-government-partnership-ngos-counter-terrorism-operations/
*Re-positioning the AU's role in countering terrorism http://ow.ly/faL050xCYKz
*Drone strikes a growing threat to African civilians issafrica.org/iss-today/drone-strikes-a-growing-threat-to-african-civilians
*Is the African Standby Force any closer to being deployed? issafrica.org/iss-today/is-the-african-standby-force-any-closer-to-being-deployed/
*Amotekun: Constitutional implication of South-West regional security initiative https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/371853-amotekun-constitutional-implication-of-south-west-security-initiative/
*Trauma Counselling enables the integration of former terrorists https://issafrica.org/iss-today/trauma-counselling-enables-integration-former-terrorists/
*2020: Imperative or early action https://nextierspd.com/download/2020-imperative-for-early-action/
*Amotekun: The South-West's response to insecurity in Nigeria nextierspd.com/the-southwest-response.../
*BH: Looking beyond the bombs https://nextierspd.com/looking-beyond-the-bombs/
*Insecurity lingers despite N3tr Defense budget https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/insecurity-lingers-despite-n3tr-defense-budget.html
*Chadian President leads soldiers to capture BH 'arms store' in Sambisa https://www.thecable.ng/photos-chadian-president-leads-soldiers-capture-boko-haram.../
*Chadianforces re-capture Nigerian town, Dikwa https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/boko-haram-chadian-forces-recapture-dikwa/
*Some parts of Africa could be violent and unsafe for decades to come economist.com/special-report/2020/03/26/parts-of-africa-could-remain-violent-unstable.../
*Chad gives Nigeria deadline of April 2020 to occupy territories seized from BH orsu24news.com/chad-gives-nigeria-april-22-deadline-to-occupy-terrotories.../
*Insurgency & the Chad ultimatum https://thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/04/17/insurgency-and-the-chad-ultimatum/
*Assessing the effectiveness of the UN-AU Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) https://effectivepeaceoperations.net/publications/unamid/
*1st November 2020: US Special Forces storm Nigeria, kill six kidnappers, free abducted American thenationonlineng.net
*MNJTF played significant role in rescuing American hostage guardian.com https://t.co/NKynkYuCva?amp=1
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