Friday, 26 December 2025

BEIJING+30: LOOKING BACK & MARCHING FORWARD

 The title of this Blog post was the theme of the Women's Summit organised by AMANDLA Institute for Policy & Leadership Advancement in collaboration with African Women Leadership Network (AWLN) and WOMANIFESTO. The Summit was held on 9th December 2025 at Lake Greenfield Hotel & Towers, Abuja. The Summit was supported by Ford Foundation. The event was also an opportunity to continue the celebration of 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence (GBV). The participants were an inter-generational mix: The older ones were at the Beijing Conference in 1995 and the younger activists in the hall...At 67 years old, I (Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa) was one of the elders in the room that actually attended the Beijing Conference in 1995 when I was Head of Department of Political Science, Lagos State University (LASU).

Erelu Bisi Adeleye Fayemi (Co-Founder AMANDALA Institute & Fmr. First Lady Ekiti state) welcomed us: The Beijing Plan of Action (BPA) was perhaps the first global forum that addressed gender issues. It appears we have gone five steps forward and ten steps backwards. Nigeria's indices are so bad that we may not meet the SDGs goals by 2030. But there's some good news. We may not be where we wish to be, but we have not remained where we were. For example, there's more access to educational opportunities in Southern Nigeria. There are more women in academia and public service. We now have an endless list of role models and indeed, mentors. We also have formidable women organisations and networks. AMANDLA began operation in February 2025. Remember that there's no such thing as a retired feminist because the forces of regression are never tired. We need to remain vigilant...

                                                              The Brochure for the event

Prof. Funmi Para-Mallam (Chair AWLN-Nigeria) asked three critical questions: Where are we? Where do we want to be? How do we get there? There's still deeply entrenched resistance within the system, but we are rising. Female public office holders, academics, etc. are confronted by institutional walls - outdated cultural norms, religious mis-interpretation, violence normalised and sometimes treated as routine. We are at the crossroad of progress and pushback. If the resistance is getting louder, it means the impact is getting stronger. We want a country where women are protected in practice and not on paper. Cultural norms should reflect our collective humanity. We have the African Leadership Institute (WLI), where mentees are trained. We need more effective strategies and collective power. Networks should not collapse under pressure. Nigeria does not need scattered activism. We must own our own narrative. We must challenge harmful norms and mentor intentionally. We should support female candidates in spite of political affiliation. We must refuse to be intimidated. Women's leadership should be a national asset..

L-R: Prof. Para-Mallam (Chair, AWLN-Nigeria); Ms. ...(Deputy British High Commissioner); Ms. Ene Ede (Gender Activist) & Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa

Dr. Abiola Akiyode (Co-Convener, Womanifesto): We'll continue to stand on the foundation laid by you all. We are not re-inventing the wheel, we are consolidating. We have some gains like the Child Rights Act (CRA), Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act, etc. I was a Youth Corper in 1995, and I didn't have enough money to go to Beijing. The Beijing Conference was not just a parley, it was a lighthouse that produced a blueprint - The Beijing Platform for Action (BPA)...

     L-R: Prof. Funmilayo Para-Mallam (Chair AWLN-Nigeria) & Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa


Prof. Olufolake Abdulrasaq (Chair, Nigeria Governors' Spouses Forum - NGSF & First Lady Kwara State): For sustainable leadership, there should be quality participation and inclusion. Legislated gender quotas are a response to lacunas in necessary interventions that favour women. We'll share lessons learned here at the NGSF. While prioritising the inclusion and education of the girl child, don't leave the boy child behind. Economic empowerment of women is of utmost importance. The HPV vaccine should be administered to girls between the ages of 9 and 14 years. Inter-generational exchanged as witnessed at this Summit should be continuous. Kwara state has passed the 35% Affirmative Action and 6 month maternity leave. Menstrual period poverty is also being addressed...

Hon. Iman Suleiman (Minister of Women Affairs): I'm an accidental leader. It's women o'clock. Women should organise themselves. 98% of Chinese women are economically empowered. I'm a victim of SGBV even as Minister of Women Affairs. My subordinates in the office bullied me, saying they wanted a 'more dynamic leadership'...Women have made significant gains. 8-10 MDs of Banks in Nigeria are women. The Ministry of Women Affairs has 5 Pillars which include, but are not limited to Family, Child, Women empowerment, etc. Only about 4% of women can access finance. This needs to be addressed. We need more gender-responsive laws. We should dismantle harmful stereotypes and support survivors of SGBV. When women rise, communities thrive...

Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa in her element, all in the spirit of 16 Days of Activism Against GBV - decked in orangae sunglasses, top & shoes... 


Ms. Wunmi Akinronke (ED WIMBIZ): Achieving Gender Equality might take us another century. We need to accelerate action. How? This can be achieved via knowledge transfer - there's no need to re-invent the wheel. We should also collaborate and stop working in silos...

Dr. Chi-Chi Aniagolu-Okoye (Country Director, Ford Foundation): It's indeed an honour to celebrate 30 years post Beijing. Mme. Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi is not an accidental leader! Thanks for setting up AMANDLA Institute as Co-Founder with your husband, Dr. Kayode Fayemi (Former Governor of Ekiti State/Federal Minister)...

Prof. Olabisi Aina (Keynote Speaker): Moving forward, we need the following: 1) Inter-generational solidarity 2) Embrace the feminist approach 3) Youth-led feminism - digital, intersectional and bold 4) Inclusive policies and compassion 5) Women who have an understanding of the issues 6) Feminist governance vs Traditional governance 7) Internal issues - shared leadership, accountability and understanding of the theory of change 8) Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of our 'Movements' - NCWS, End Sars, BBOG, etc. 9) Donor-dependent funding vs Solidarity via home-grown funding 10) Opportunities - Digital tools, Understanding the global gender agenda 11) Intrsectional practice 

What then are the 7 pillars of action, going forward? 1) Strengthen governance via accountability, Gender-responsive budgeting, etc. 2) Mentorship & Inter-generational leadership - Set up Leadership Academies 3) Feminist Data Governance 4) Feminist knowledge/research, including Oral History 5) Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) 6) Private Sector involvement 7) Feminists + Activists + Donors should work together...

Ms. Gill Lever OBE (Deputy British High Commissioner): I assure you of the solidarity of women in the UK with Nigerian women. We continue to celebrate progress since 1995. The Beijing conference was a comprehensive blueprint for gender equality and empowerment. We shall continue to support grassroots women's organisations. Despite gains, there are persistent gaps in the VAPP, CRA, Land Use Act, etc. Women entrepreneurs and feminist movements need constant encouragement. Leadership and mentorship should not be aspirational for women, but guaranteed...

Panel 1: Recalling Beijing 1995 (Looking Back)
Panelists: Chief Moji Makanjuola (ED ISMPH); Iyom Barr. Josephine Anenih (Former Minister of Wmen Affairs); Dr. Mairo Mandara (Special Adviser to Borno State Governor); Hon. Abike Dabiri-Erewa (DG Diaspora Commission); Ms. Toun Okewale-Sonaiya (Moderator/CEO Women Radio)

Chief Moji Makanjuola: Many of us are not 'accidental leaders'. Mentorship is key. What do we need to focus on and what do we need to achieve? How have you used your platform to advance the gender agenda? In the traditional media, some stereotypes have been conquered. We need more female owners of media houses. There should be more female decision makers in the media and other spheres of life. Women in politics should make themselves available for interviews in the traditional media at least. This is where their male counterparts have an edge.

Dr. Mairo Mandara: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and Vesico Vaginal Fistula (VVF) are as a result of social injustice.  have enough policies, we need to implement the extant ones. We must walk the talk. Let's be more deliberate with action. We need to harvest the low-hanging fruits. We need seats at critical fora. We should show interest in Political Party Conventions. We should have influence in our various niches and understand the language of money. It's necessary to be strategic, deliberate and influential to be able to determine the next set of political leaders. If you have no business of your own, you have no business in being in politics. We should note that at least 8 out of every 10 grassroots women have their PVCs.

Iyom Barr. Josephine Anenih: What are women not doing well? If you are not at the table, you're likely to be on the menu. There are 5 long years between the era of Madam Gambo Sawaba and Iyom Barr. Josephine Anenih in politics. But the barriers against women persist. More money shuld be pumped into the Care Industry. Unpaid labour needs proper recognition. 

Hon. Abike Dabiri-Erewa: Power is not served a-la-carte. My first line of support in my constituency were the women. It's tougher for us in the political terrain than the men. We should mentor the younger ones - systemic mentoring. We should be courageous and determined. Prebendalism (Money Politics) remains a big issue. You need money in the political terrain. 

Panel 2: Intergenerational Dialogue
Panelists: Abosede George-Ogan (ED WILAN); Priscilla Usiobaifo (ED Brave Heart Initiative - BHI); Fatima Yerima Askira (Borno Women Development Initiative - BWDI); Cynthia Mbamalu (Head of Programmes, Yiaga Africa); Bukky Shonibare (Moderator/ED Invictus Africa) 

We should build institutions and structures. Translate numbers into power. Greater investment in women. There should be institutionalised feminist principles. Documentaion and digital innovation are key. The nexus between practitioners and scholars should be bridged - Town should meet Gown. The central SGBV Dashboard should be linked to all other Dashboards in the country. Inter-generational learning and collaboration should be continuous. We should join new networks and refine those that we have. There should be solidarity among sisters across board.

Prof. Joy Ezeilo (Call to Action)

All the critical areas of concern are still relevant in Nigeria. Nigerian women should continue to work in concert...1) Invest in women and girls 2) Women's leadership and representation should be stepped up 3) The Reserved Seats Bill should be seen to its logical conclusion 4) Knowledge production and transfer 5) Research and data collection 6) Gender budgeting 7) The 3rd National Action Plan (NAP) on UNSCR 1325 should be executed with precision 8) Implementation of extant Laws - CRA, VAPP, 3rd NAP on UNSCR 1325 9) Enact the Gender & Equal Opportunities Bill 10) Domestication of all Treaties, especially CEDAW 11) Operationalise a Feminist Strategy 12) Mentorship and Inter-generational cooperation 

Pelemo the Poet performed Erelu Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi's poem 'The Heaven for Little Girls'

I told mummy that daddy was hurting me
She said Shhhhhhhhhh
Hush Girl
Don't let anyone hear you
How dare you?
She called me a liar
She called me a prostitute
Then all of a sudden
It did not hurt anymore...

What an apt poem by multi-talented Erelu Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi to commemorate the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence (GBV). It was professionally performed by a relatively young female Poet, Pelemo...This is the kind of inter-generational collaboration we were deliberating on at the Summit.

Ms. Joke Silva (Veteran Actress/Member Programmes Committee, Amandla Institute) gave what was more than a mere vote of thanks, it could pass for another charge for the participants. Trust Joke not to disappoint..
It's really nice to witness the collaboration between women-focused institutions/NGOs for this Summit - AMANDLA Institute, WOMANIFESTO & AWLN (African Women Leaders' Network). We need more of this kind of synergy. We must agonise less and strategise more. We can do it. We have the energy. And now, we move...

I, Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa), must commend AMANDLA Institute, a young organisation which became fully operational in February 2025 for organising this professionally coordinatd Summit in successful collaboration with two other formidable NGOs. This is indeed a feat. Kudos and more wins. Bravo!



                 

  
















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Tuesday, 23 December 2025

NIGERIA POLICE WOMEN AT 70

 Between the 4th and 5th of December 2025, the Nigeria Police celebrated Nigeria Police women at 70 (1955 - 2025) with theme: '70 years of courage & service: Honouring women in policing, inspiring the future'. The events were supported by UNDP, GS-Foundation, Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany - Abuja and Zenith Bank.

L-R: Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa & CSP Omone Adams celebrating Nigeria Police Women @ 70

AIG Aishatu Abubakar Baju (Gender advisor to the IGP) welcomed us: Empowered women empower institutions and empowered institutions transform nations. Once, the aspirations of women in the Force encountered structural ceilings. Today, those ceilings no longer exist. The Nigeria Police Force has evolved into a modern security institution where ability, not gender, defines alignment and advancement. This ia our shared victory...This anniversary is not just a marking of years, it's an anthem of progress, a testament to institutional matamorphosis, and proof that vision coupled with tenacity re-shapes barriers. From modest beginnings in 1955, when women served as tea girls, communicators, caregivers, traffic guides and school protection officers, to today, where policewomen stand shoulder to shoulder with their male counterparts in core intelligence, tactical, investigative, operational and command leadership positions...Women now wear ranks of CPs, AIGs and DIGs. What we celebrate today is not just advancement in rank, but advancement in relevance...Today, the IGP will unveil three generational assets led by the Gender Unit: *Women Police 70-year Lapel Pin *Police GBV Training Manual *Standard Operating Procedure (SoP) on GBV. These documents symbolise policy, protection and professionalism, further strengthening the Force's response to crimes against women and vulnerable persons...(Source: Programme brochure for Nigeria Police Women @ 70)

The event on the 5th of December 2025 had some goodwill messages:

Mrs. Amina Mohammed (UN Deputy Secretary-General) gave her message on line: May the next 70 years be defined by more inclusion and a Police service that keeps improving.

Dame Stella Okuyiga (96 year old member of first set of female recruits into the Police in 1955) gave her message on line. I thank the current AIG for including us in the programme. You shall continue to soar...

Chairman House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs represented by Wole Ahmed: I bring you good tidings from my Chairman. I wish you another 70 years of progress.

CP Shanta Emily Knowles (Bahamas Chief of Police) - Keynote Speaker: I made a decision at the age of 15 to join the Police in the Bahamas, when women in policing was not fashionable. Policing is at its best when empathy meets courage. I was the first female to lead the Criminal Investigation Department. When you walk into a room, even minds made of steel would melt because of your carriage. Leadership entails courage. No dream is too distant for any woman. Greatness begins quietly with small steps. Reaching the top was not a straight line for me. I stand today as proof that progress and indeed greatness do not happen overnight. The glass ceiling was shattered by me in the Bahamas. Your journey may be different from mine, but the possibilities are real. Policing is not defined by gender, but by skills, courage and commitment, community engagement, etc. I encourage all women in the Nigeria Police to learn from my story and be rest assured that the sky is just the beginning...

IGP Kayode Egbetokun: I appointed the very first Gender Advisor. I am the 22nd indigenous IGP in Nigeria. The goal is to have women constitute up to 50% of the Nigeria Police. Today, we pay tribute to the women who stepped up. Though the door was open, the pathway up was narrow for women. The first set of women had no blueprint. Today, we stand taller because they stood firm. Today, we have women UN Peace-keepers, Forensic Analysts, Intelligence Officers, Sexual & Gender-Based Violence Analysts, ICT Experts, etc. They are mothers, wives and eceptional Police Officers. Excellence wears many faces and women are undeniably one. An example is Chioma Ajunwa, who in 1996, brought home the Sprint Gold Medal from the Olympics. The services of women in the Nigeria Police raise the bar. Women bring disciline to every assignment. Women have moved to mainstream leadership in the Nigeria Police. Women are present, innovative and professional. Under my leadership, we shall continue to advance. The Nigeria Police is proud of its women. We are inspired by your service. Women are indeed the architects of the policing we envision. Women are not a footnote, you're essential to the NPF...Gender Equality is not aspirational, but a lived reality. I thank the President for his commitment to empowering women in Nigeria...

Senator Oluremi Tinubu (First Lady, Federal Republic of Nigeria): I particularly enjoyed the Keynote Speaker's speech and I would like to have a copy. I'm proud of how far women have come in the Nigeria Police. I'm confident that the next 70 years would record more wins for my gender...

The celebration was indeed glorious for women in the NPF. I raise my glass to another 70 years of distinction for Nigeria Police women. Bravo!


 

Wednesday, 10 December 2025

NIGERIA GOVERNORS SPOUSES' FORUM (NGSF): A VIABLE PLATFORM FOR POSITIVE CHANGE

 The sixth edition of the annual Summit of the Nigeria Governors Spouses' Forum (NGSF) was held at the Congress Hall, Transcorp Hilton Hotel, Abuja on the 4th of December 2025. I have watched the Forum grow from inception, six years ago till this year. The theme for this year alligns with the global theme for the 2026 edition of 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Based Violence (GBV) - United for Change: Men & Women Ending Digital Violence Together. 

Programme for the 6th edition of Nigeria Governors' Spouses Forum held on the 4th of December 2025 @ Congress Hall, Transcorp Hilton Hotel, Abuja

         Ambassador (Prof) Olufolake Abdulrasaq (Chairperson NGSF) & First Lady Kwara State

Ambassador (Prof) Olufolake AbdulrasaqIn her opening remarks, the Chair of NGSF and First Lady Ekiti state, traced the journey of the Forum in the last six years...Over the past six years, the NGSF has remained steadfast in its commitment to advancing the rights, wellbeing and protection of women, children and girls across Nigeria. This has been achieved through sustained advocacy, strategic  engagements and strong partnerships. We have continued to strengthen national and sub-national responses to Sexual & Gender-Based Violence (SGBV), deepen awaareness and reinforce the systems that safeguard vulnerable populations. 

Our collective effort since the declaration of the state of emergency on SGBV in 2020 has laid a strong foundation for measurable progress. From supporting the passage of the Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act, expanding Sexual Assault Reference Centres (SARCs), promoting economic empowerment, championing menstrual hygiene, advocacy on six months paid maternity leave, sustained campaigns on immunisation , advocacy on women's representation, supporting drug abuse prevention and cancer awareness to enhancing state-level GBV coordination mechanisms, the Forum has continued to provide leadership that delivers tangible results.

Between 2021 and 2023, we affirmed our resolve to transform norms by strengthening laws which have mobilised all actors towards building a safer and more gender-equitable Nigeria. This conference provides yet another opportunity for reflection, evaluation and advancement in our work...

Some of the Speakers at the Summit are:
*Abdulrahman Abdulrasaq (Represented by Governor of Plateau state, Caleb Mutfwang) - Chairman, Nigeria Governors' Forum/Governor Kwara state
*Hon Imman Suleiman-Ibrahim - Minister of Women Affairs & Social Development
*Amb. Prof. Olufolake Abdulrasaq - First Lady Kwara state/Chairperson NGSF
*Lateef Fagbemi (SAN) - Attorney-General & Minister of Justice
*Ms. Gill Lever (OBE) - Deputy British High Commissioner to Nigeria/Acting British High Commissioner
*Dr. Olayemi Oyebanji - First Lady Ekiti state
*Hajiya Fatima Ahmed Aiyu - First Lady Sokoto state
*Lady Helen Eno Obareki - First Lady Designate & Coodinator, Office of the 1st Lady, Akwa Ibom state
*Waje - Singer, Humanitarian & Advocate
*Chief (Mrs) Moji Makanjuola (OFR) - Master of Ceremony

Lateef Fagbemi (SAN): Attorney-General & Minister of Justice. The theme is timely because non-consensual sharing of sexual images and other on-line crimes are unacceptable. It could result in mental heath issues in the victims. There are still gaps in legislation we need to address and re-visit: The Cybercrime Prohibition Act; proposed Amendment of the VAPP Act; etc. The Federal Ministry of Justice has a viable Gender Desk which is currently addressing/reviewing referral pathways and training of Prosecutors. We need to continually push for legal reforms. There should be greater collaboration with Law Enforcement Agents. We need more inclusive approaches and shared responsibility. There should be experince-sharing among parents, educators and CSOs on SGBV issues. Digital literacy education is vital. The NGSF is a viable additional platform for ensuring accountability in cyberspace. We can build a Nigeria where technology enhances and not harm the citizens...

Imman Suleiman-Ibrahim: Mnister of Women Affairs & Social Development talked about the significance of the colour orange, which signifies the protection of victims of SGBV. It's 30 years post Beijing, 30 years since the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs was established and 25 years since UNSCR 1325. We have a number of projects in the Ministry which are relevant to the subject at hand: Renewed Hope Social Impact Intervention; Digital Harmony Project; etc. We are targeting 4.5 million women with these projects. The Gender Policy needs to be referred to by all practitioners and academics/researchers and policy makers.

Abdulrahman Abdulrasaq (Rep. by Caleb Mutwang, Governor of Plateau state): Governors shall continue to support their spouses to make societal impact. We champion safer and more equitable communities. Technology could facilitate violence of immense proportions. NGF will continue to work with state governments to provide safe digital platforms. Ending Digital Violence is not just an obligation, it's central to the dignity of the human spirit. We believe in the Special Seats Bill. The Governors will mobilise their constituents in the National Assembly to vote in favour of the Bill.

Two critical panel sessions followed

Panel 1: Safeguarding her digital space - Policies & platforms for protection
Panel 2: Brothers for change: Engaging men as allies in ending digital violence

First Ladies deliberated on this and recommended thus:

-There should be partnerships and interventions to protect women in cyberspace.
-The First Lady's office could be a hub for innovative ideas which could be turned into policies for the protection of the vulnerable. First Ladies have the strongest platform to fight SGBV.
-There should be many responding channels to SGBV issues, which should be coordinated.
-Hot lines for reporting cases of SGBV should be provided.
-States should liaise with their local tech companies for citizens' education as regards SGBV
-There should be parents/guardians guide as well as minors' guide.
-IEC (Information, Education & Communication) materials should be provided
-A re-orientation drive should be embarked upon to address 'diseases of the mind', e.g. depraved individuals. Youth fora, Churches and Mosques could be useful here - Behavioral change advocates
-Regulations should be enforced.
-Tech companies should input safety features in all their products
-Violence on-line is usually worse towards elections. The noose should be tightened around perpetrators at such times. Political Parties and indeed politicians should be sensitised.
-We should be coversant with the Cybercrime Act, etc
-Positive masculinity ensures that men protect women in their spaces
-Re-orientation of men and boys to have more positive image of women

The side attraction was locally made items of standard quality from the various states (clothes, shoes, hand fans, bags, etc) were on display for sale. This is probably an un-intended benefit for aspiring entrepreneurs to showcase their products/talent. This is economic empowerment in practice! The conference reiterated the fact that male allies/champions are critical to the task of ending digital violence and the First Ladies' offices are crucial for driving positive change as regard all form of violence aginst women. The discussion continues...


 



   


   

Saturday, 8 November 2025

HOW AFRICA EATS: TRADE, FOOD SECURITY & CLIMATE RISKS

The title of this Blog post: 'How Africa Eats: Trade, Food Security & Climate Risks' is the new book (297 pages) edited by erudite scholar, David Luke, Professor in Practice & Strategic Director, Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE). David was in Abuja for a whole week on the invitation of Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit/German government's development agency (GIZ) and ECOWAS Agricultural Trade (EAT) to promote his book. On the 4th, 5th and 6th of November 2025, I was one of the valued panelists who critiqed the book at various venues in Abuja: Fraser Suites, UN House (ILO, UNIDO & FAO) and Saffron Cafe. David gave an outstanding account of himself at each venue, where he eloquently presented the contents of the book with panache!

The book - 'How Africa Eats: Trade, Food Security & Climate Risks' edited by Prof. David Luke

 Prof. David Luke's presentation: David made his presentation thrice in Abuja - twice at Fraser Suites on the 4th of November 2025. The presentation in the morning was to Nigerian Journalists from the print and electronic media. In the afternoon, the audience comprised the diplomatic community, civil society. government officials, etc. On Day 2, the presentation was at UN House (ILO/FAO/UNIDO). On Day 3, the final day and on his way to the airport, at Saffron Cafe, David interacted with selected stakeholders. Africa has 60% of the arable land of the world, but the citizens have  no food to eat. Many other bodies have undertaken similar research, e.g. Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) and International Food Policy Research Centre (IFPRI). The uniqueness of this book is that it interrogates the intersection of trade with food security and climate change. Many African countries are far from achieving SDG 2  - achieve zero hunger, food security/improved nutrition and sustainable agriculture by 2030. 

L-R: Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa & Prof. David Luke at Saffron Cafe, Abuja - 6th November 2025, on his way to the airport to London. At the Cafe, there was robust interaction with David by stakeholders...

David calls attention to the fact that some major questions were posed in the book: Why does food deprivation exist on such a scale in Africa? What are the implications for policy? Why is it that food insecurity affects millions of persons in Africa (in 2022, about 280 million persons were undernourished). I commend the UN Agencies like FAO, UNIDO, etc. for providing credible statistics for us to work with. 340 million Africans lack stable food in Africa, we seem to have normalised hunger - but hunger in any country or continent is abnormal. At least 42 out of the 54 African countries import food. Africa's population continues to grow alarmingly. Africa's exports are mainly commodities with no value added. In the book, we looked specifically at 8 commodities - yam, cassava, maize, wheat, fish, rice, meat and poultry.

Trade deficit persists in Africa. Food import remains high. The 1.2 Degrees Celsius rise in global temperature has reduced maize, wheat, etc. yields in sub-Saharan Africa by 5.8%. There has been some progress in climate adaptation - farming practices e.g. irrigation, drought-resistant seed varieties are now available. Adaptation is huge in individual countries' NDCs. There are comprehensive African Agricultural Development Plans where it is stipulated that 10% of every African nation's resources should be dedicated to agriculture. Only Rwanda is on target to meet the SDCs. Public expenditure on agriculture remains low. There's no subsidy for farmers. There are also climate finance challenges. ODA in agriculture boosts productivity. We also need to take cognisance of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) - tax on certain imports in proportion to greenhouse gases emitted during their production.

Who then are the actors? *Small Holder Farmers (Peasant Farmers) - SHFs. 80% of SHFs are at the subsistence level. They lack information on markets, have weak links to markets and are deprived of electricity and other infastucture. * Medium Scale Farmers e.g. University/Polytechnic graduates, i.e. Agro-preneurs - they constitute approximately 40% of farmers in some countries like South Africa. *Intermediaries who link farmers to markets. Their overall impact appears beneficial. Agriculture Marketing Boards (AMBs) still exist in some countries to ease market failure. *Some Multinational Corporations (MNCs) invest in agriculture, provide inputs, training and supermarket chains...

Some concluding remarks: *Intra-African trade generally under-performing, especially wheat, rice, meat and poultry. *Africans import agricultural products from the Western world rather than engaging in horizontal trade with other African countries because it's cheaper to do so on account of the fact that these commodities are heavily subsidised in Western countries, while African governments do not provide any subsidy to farmers. *The partial equilibrium vs the general equilibrium model *AfCFTA would have little effect on how Africa trades and/or eats. *West Africa benefits most from Agricultural Trade Extension (ATE). Note that in  the AfCFTA, there's no Agriculture Chapter *Climate change threatens food security in Africa *Food dominates intra-African trade (no value added). *Agric negotiations remain contentious at the WTO.

R-L: Lennart Oestergaard (Resident Representative FES), Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa, Rep GIZ & Ms. Juliana Anosike (FES). Prof. David Luke is in the background...4th November @ Fraser Suites, Abuja

Before Prof. David Luke's presentation on the 4th of November at Fraser Suites, Lennart Oestergaard (Resident Rep. FES) and Arne Schuffenhauer (GIZ Project Leader, ECOWAS Agriculture & Trade Project) welcomed us to the parley, while clarifying the essence of the meeting. Then came Alban Masaparisi's (Sahel West Africa Club - SWAC/OECD). In the morning on 4th November, Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa (Independent Peacebuilding Consultant), Prof. Olawale Ogunkola (University of Ibadan) & Mrs. Blessing Irabor-Oza (President, Organisation of Women in Trade - OWIT) were the discussants for Prof. David Luke's presentation.

In the afternoon on 4th November, the discussants for both Alban Masaparisi & Prof David Luke's presetations were: Dr. Alaba Olumuyiwa, Justin Bayili and Evince Yegbemey. Alban's presentation was on: 'Intra-Regional Food Trade in West Africa: New Evidence, New Perspectives'. 

Alban Masaparisi - 'Intra-African Trade in West Africa: New Evidence, New Perspectives
OECD/SWAC interracts with the ECOWAS Agricultural Trade Programme. But what's the true size of intra-African trade in West Africa? Official data is used as baseline - about $10b per year. Visible and invisible traded food products are not the same. There are starchy foods, cereals, vegetables, fruits, animal protein, etc. We need to re-visit the narrative of food vs free trade. ECOWAS countries trade food with a median of 12 partners. Two-thirds of relations are between non-border countries. Senegal, Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire account for 58%, 48% and 39% respectively of their trade at their borders. Calories traded in the region feeds up to one quarter of the total population each year. One third of total food entering Bamako and Ougadogou transit via internal corridors. It's expected that regional food market will quadruple between 2010 and 2030, to reach $480b. 8 countries were surveyed...

Alban's concluding remarks: *Regionalise food sovereignty and agricultural export policies. The region is a huge market and fundamental source of food for West Africa * Move beyond border facilitation to holistic trade promotion policies including, but not limited to access to finance, information sharing, infrastructure, etc. *Invest in robust data systems for intra-regional food trade. Up to 85% of intra-regional food trade not measured.

Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa: My observation is that Alban Masaparisi's presentation largely compliments Prof. David Luke's. Besides, as a Gender/Peacebuilding Consultant, I am partiularly interested in the fact that in many countries in West Africa and indeed Africa, there are intra-national conflicts. In Nigeria for example, there are insurgents, kidnappers, bandits, etc. There is no semblance of peace in these nation states. How can we then talk about 'trade' in such an environment? Besides, the withdrawal of the AES states from ECOWAS has made West Africa more vulnerable. ECOWAS is viewed as a toothless bulldog in some quarters because she couldn't make the deserting countries toe the line. Inter-regional cooperation for intelligence gathering to strengthen the Peace Architecture should logically precede meaningful trade. 

My other expertise is gender. The role of women in the agricultural value chain remained a recurring decimal in the three-day discourse. Although there are extant studies on women and trade, none seems to have pulled together the specific roles of women in trade, climate stress and agriculture. Would Prof. David Luke and his team be looking in that direction for the next book? Meanwhile, African Women's Network of AfCFTA (AWNA), of which I'm a member of the Executive has validated research work on 'Challenges & Opportunites for Women in the AfCFTA'.  Hauwa Mustapha is the President of AWNA. We are ready to support Prof. David Luke and his team with credible field research in Nigeria. See for example - dayokusa.blogspot.com/2025/11/the-impact-of-afcfta-on-womens.html 

Besides, another source of worry for me is the amount of wastage of farm produce. Food wastage is irreconcilable with chronic hunger in Africa! Better storage facilities and wholesome preservation techniques could make this a thing of the past. Could the release of the stipulated 10% for agriculture from the national budgets of nation-states in Africa assuage the phenomenon of food wastage and other challenges? Going forward, when the AfCFTA agreement is to be reviewed, an 'Agriculture Chapter', which is currently missing, should be inserted. The book should be updated every five years, because germane new developments in agriculture, climate change and trade in Africa would have piled up.

L-R: Prof. David Luke, Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa & Prof. Olawale Ogunkola (He contributed Chapter 3 of the book: What Africa Eats - The Basic Foods)

On the 2nd day of the programme at UN House, Lennart Oestergaard (Resident Rep FES), Vanessa Phala-Moyo, Represented by Ndalata (Director, ILO Office for Nigeria), Philbert Abaka Johnson (Country Director, UNIDO - Nigeria) and Dr. Hussein Gadain (FAO Representative in Nigeria & to ECOWAS) contiributed to discussion after warmly welcoming us. They all said the publication of 'What Africa Eats' was timely and a valuable addition to the discourse. Philbert Johnson emphasised the fact that Africa is seating on a time bomb with so much hunger in the land. Something must be done desperately to begin to move positively towards zero hunger towards 2030 (SDG 2). But there are so many obstacles on the way to food security as identified in the book...

L-R: Mrs. Blessing Irabor-Oza (President OWIT - Nigeria), Prof. Olawale Ogunkola, Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa & Prof. David Luke

More information about the book - 'What Africa Eats

As at July 2025, the book had 21,443 Abstract views, 2,008 Downloads, 653 Reads & 1 Citation. The book was published by LSE Press in June 2025 (Source: https://dd.org/10. 31389/lsepress.hae)


Paperback: 978-1-911712-34-3
MOBI:       978-1-911712-37-4
PDF:          978-1-911712-35-0
EPUB:       978-1-911712-36-7      (Source: press.lse.ac.uk/books/e/10.313 89/lsepress.hae)

Chapters:

1) David Luke 
Introduction: Towards a re-assessment of food deprivation in Africa

2) Jamie MacLeod
Africa's trade, food security & climate risks

3) Olawale Ogunkola & Vinaye Dey Ancharaz

4) Vinaye Dey Ancharaz
Policy, resources, actors & capabilities

5) David Luke et al. 
Intra-African food trade

6) Jamie McLeod
Expected impact of the AfCFTA on food security

7) Colette Van der Ven
Food security in the AfCFTA legal framework

8) Vinaye Dey Ancharaz
Africa's bilateral food trade

9) Colette Van der Ven & David Luke
WTO's legal framework & Africa's food security

10) David Luke
Conclusion: Trade, food security & climate risks

On the whole, Prof. David Luke spent a memorable week in Abuja, democratising the contents of his highly rated book at various fora. Congratulations!...

Reminiscences: 2003 in Abuja @ the launch of African Women's Network on AfCFTA (AWNA). 
L-R: Prof. David Luke, Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa & Lennart Oestergaard...David was in Abuja to promote the predecessor of 'How Africa Eats' - 'How Africa Trades'...

                             Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa @ Saffron Cafe, Abuja - 6th November 2025

                                       Dayo @ Fraser Suites, Abuja - 4th November 2025













Sunday, 2 November 2025

THE IMPACT OF AfCFTA ON WOMEN'S BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA

 The validation meeting for the research by AWNA - Nigeria Chapter (African Women's Network on AfCFTA), was held at the office of  FES (Friedrich Ebert Stiftung), Abuja, 27th October 2025. I am a member of the Executive of AWNA, which was launched in 2003  (See for example - dayokusa.blogspot.com/2023/07/african-women-network-on-afcfta-awna.html...). AWNA is currently in 31 countries in Africa. Paul Obi was the Lead Researcher while Jennifer Stephanie was the Research Assistant in Abuja. Hauwa Mustapha is the President of AWNA - Nigeria. The Reviewers were:

*Mrs. Blessing Irabor-Oza (a.k.a. Lady B) - President Organisation of Women in Trade (OWIT - Nigeria)

*Prof. Ngozi Egbuna - Economist/Former DG West African Monetary Institute/WTO Chair for Africa

*Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa - Independent Conflict Transformation Strategist/Gender & Peacebuilding Consultant & Former Director, Institute for Peace & Conflict Resolution (IPCR), Abuja

Some of the other participants are:

*Dr. Sam Amadi - Director, Abuja School of Social & Political Thought

*Halima Musa - Feminism Lab

*Hashim Bacha - National Office for Trade Negotiation - NOTN, Abuja


L-R: Mrs. Blessing Irabor-Oza (President OWIT - Nigeria), Dr. Dayo Oluyemi-Kusa (Member of AWNA - Nigeria Executive), Hauwa Mustapha (President AWNA - Nigeria)

The Study Report:

Purposive sampling strategy employed. Some of the findings are: Lack of access to credit, restrictive Customs regulations/high duties, gender discrimination, unfavourable market regulatory rules, trade/non-trade barriers, low level of support for women-led enterprises, women generally are not as tech-saavy as their male counterparts and there's a dearth of measurable/contextual analysis of women's issues. Women as SMSEs excel in the following sectors among others: agriculture, creative industry (fashion, music, textiles), etc. NACIMMA, OWIT and a number of women-led enterprises were contacted/interviewed. 

The data collection methods were: KII (Key Individual Informant), FGD (Focus Group Discussion), Desk Review, etc.

Findings: Because women-led MSMEs are in the informal sector, they cannot take full advantage of regional opportunities like AfCFTA. Many women-led enterprises struggle to survive, while being challenged by rather poor book-keeping processes. 40% of the sample of women are in the food/beverage and furniture/wood work trade. They usually have nine or fewer employees. However, some have as many as 10 to 49 employees. 80% of the sample say that AfCTFA has had no inpact on them. The bulk of trading is at the borders. 

The cost of transportation is astronomically high. There's limited access to finance - feminisation of poverty. Inflation and financial exclusion are other negative factors. There are also safety concerns for women. There's a suffeit of gender-based policies. Technology is at the heart of trade. The high cost of digital tools ensures the exclusion of women. Poor internet connection is another barrier. The impact of AfCFA on women entrepreneurs remains limited for now due to lack of awareness and limited access to new markets. The are few with regional access/engagement. 

Recommendations:

-Finacial incusion and digital empowerment programmes should be intensified for women entrepreneurs.

-Women's access to finance should be enhanced.

-Women should be tutored in export-readiness

-Gender should be mainstreamed into AfCFTA institutions

-Safe trade should be emphasised

-Logistics cost should be reduced

-Grievance mechanisms (e.g. Alternative Dispute Resolution - ADR), short of going to Court should be explored

-The 12 products in AfCFTA for women and youth need to be explored and effectively utilised

-Immigration officials at the borders need to de proficient in languages of congruents states

-ECOWAS/ETLS agents should stop ripping women off.

-Women need continuous education about the minimum standards for the importation of products

-Some women pay at least 75 taxes. Multiple taxation should be interrogated

-Policies for cross-border trade should be gender-sensitive

-There should be continuous training in digital trade

-Institutional collaboration is essential - AfCFTA Coordinating Office/AfCFTA Office in the Ministry of Trade/Nigeria Office of Trade Negotiation (NOTN)

-Could MSMEs transform from informal to semi-formal trade for the purpose of having effective interface with AfCFTA and other regional bodies?

-Intergenerational mentoring among women entrepreneurs is crucial

-We should concentrate on AfCFTA Category A because 80% of women-led MSMEs are at this level

The lead researcher was commended for a job well done. We eagerly look forward to the publication of the book, while taking cognisance of all the necessary amendments in the light of the critique of the research (findings, methodology, etc.) at the validation meeting... 



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